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UNITED STATES- PATENT QFRICR.

RICHARD H. BRowNING, or ADRIAN, MISSOURI.

.CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 374,774, dated December 13, 1887.

Application nxeil August 22,1881. serial No. 241,585. (No model.)

.To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD H. BROWN- ING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Adrian, in the county of Bates and State of Missouri, have invented a new and usefullmprovement in Churns, of which the following is a specification. l

My `invention relates to improvements in churns;"and it consists in a certain novel construction and arrangement of devices, fully .set forth hereinafter, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is' a rear'view of the device, showing the churn in section. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is al detail seri; tional view showing the manner of seculn,j the driving-wheel and its connections.

Referring by letter to the drawings, A designates the churn, to the upper edges of which at diametrically-opposite points are secured the brackets B B, each of which comprises the socket b and the bent arm b, adapted to engage over the upper edge of the churn-body.

b2 designates a set-screw passed through an ear on the lower end of the bracket, and adapted to impinge against the side of the churn to hold the bracket in place.v

C designates a transverse bar. To the up.- per side thereof, at the center, is secured the standard D, having bearings d d', respectively, in the upper and lower ends, and the ends of. the bar C are provided with longitudinal slots c e and transverse perforations c c', communicating with the said slots. The series of perforations c c in each end of the bar are for a purpose hereinafter explained.

'E E are arms depending from the extremi ties of the bar C, and adapted lto be stepped at the lower ends in the sockets of the brackets B on the sides of the churn. The upper ends `of the said arms are provided with a series of transverse perforations, e e, adapted to align with the perforations in the extremities of the loar C.

E represents a bolt adapted to be passed through the said aligned perforations to seeure the upper ends of the dependingarms E E to the extremities of the barvO. It will be seen that the arnls E E are thus hinged to the .bar C, so that in applying the churn mechanism to different churns any slight differences in the sizes thereof will not prevent the stepping of the lower ends of the arms in the sockets of the brackets. The extremities of 'the bar C are provided with series of perforations to enable the arms E E to be placed at the proper distance apart to suit the width of the churn to which the device is applied, and the upper ends of the arms E are provided with series of perforations to enable the bar C to be raised or lowered, for a purpose hereinafter explained. 5 Y

G designates a vertical hollow shaft (or tube) mounted in the bearings d d in the standard D, which shaft extends down to a point near the bottom of the churn A, and is provided on the upper end (above the bearing d) withA a `gear-wheel, G. The object in providing means to adj ust the bar C vertically will now be readily seen-namely, to enable the lower end o f the hollow sllaft to be adjusted close to the bottom of the churn, whether the said churn is deep or-shallow.

H designates a sleeve surrounding the hollow shaft G, with the upper end thereof" close to the lower side of the bar C, and the upper end thereof is provided with a gear-wheel, H.

I designatesa bracket secured to the lower side of the bar C at the center thereof', which passes down under the gear-wheel H and is provided with a bearing, i, in which operates the sleeve H, the gear-wheel H being thus held close up to the under side of the bar C to prevent vertical play.,

'A small collar, g, is formed on the hollow shaft G just below the lower end of the sleeve H,-to prevent said hollow shaft from rising out of the proper position while the churn is in operation.

j represents ahorizontal bearing on the side of the standard D, in which is nlounted thehollow shaft J, and the said shaft has the master gear-wheel K mounted thereon in position to mesh with 'the gear-wheels G and-H and rotate them in opposite direct-ions. The outer side of the master gear-wheel K is provided With the square lug L, which is engaged by the socket of the crank-arm M, as most clearly shown in Fig. 3. It may sometimes be found desirable to secure a band-pulley on IOO this lug L instead of the crank-arm, and such change willinvolve no departure from my invention.

To the lower end of the hollow shaft G, below the end'of the sleeve H, are secured the lateral arms n a', and to the said arms are secured the upper and lower ends of the blades N N, which are twisted in reverse directions and are approximately bow-shaped. Thus as they are rotated their lower ends willtend to draw the contents of the churn-body upward, while their upper ends will direct the same outward against the sides of the body.

To the lower end of the sleeve H are seen red the lateral arms 0 0, which project beyond the arms n n, and to the extremities thereof are secured the depending blades O O, which are slightly twisted, as shown, so as to draw the contents of the tub upwardly and throw them inwardly in a direction about at right angles to that given by the blades N N. This creates great agitation of the contents of the churn.

As before stated, both dashers N and O draw the contents of the churn from the bottom, and therefore there must be a very slight vacuum produced there which must be filled. It is filled by air, which passes down through the hollow shaft. The advantage in thus admitting air to the interior of the churn at the bottom is as follows: The rapid beating of the dashers causes the air to mingle intimately with the milk, and the oxygen in the air combines with the sugar in the milk to produce lactic acid, which acid produces a curdling of the milk, and consequently a rapid separation of the butter therefrom.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination, with the churn A, oi'l the horizontal bar C, the operating mechanism carried by said bar, and the depending arms E E, adj ustably hinged at their upper ends to the extremities of the said bar C and secured at their lower ends in the said brackets B B, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the churn A, of the brackets B B, secured to the sides thereof and comprising the sockets b b, the supporting-arms b b', engaging the upper edge of the churn, and the set-screws b2, passed through depending ears of the brackets and bearing against the sides of the churn, the horizontal bar C, the operating mechanism supported by said bar, and the arms EE, adj ustably hinged at their upper ends to the extremities of the bar C and engaged at their lower ends in the said brackets B 4B, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the churn A and the brackets B B on the upper edge thereof, diametricall y opposite each other, `of the horizontal bar C, having the longitudinal slots c c,

and the series of' transverse perforations c c in its ends communicating with the slots, the operatingl mechanism supported by said bar, the arms E E, engaged at their lower ends in the brackets B B, and having the series of perforations e e in their upper ends aligning' the brackets B B on the upper edge' thereof,

of the bar C, the standard D on the upper sidefthereof, provided with vertically-aligned bearings d d', depending arms EE, hinged at their upper ends to the extremities of the bar C and adapted to engage at their lower'ends in the brackets B B, the hollow shaft G, journaled in the bearings d d', the gear-wheel G on the upper end of said shaft, the dasher N on the lower end thereof, the bracket l, secured to the lower side of the bar C and having a bearing, t', therein, the sleeve H, surrounding the hollow shaft G and operating in the bearing i, the gear-wheel H on the upper end of said sleeve between the bracket I and the under side of the bar C, the dasher 0 on the lower end thereof, and the master gearwheel K, mounted in a bearing on the side of the standard and meshing with the gear-wheels G and H', substantially as specified.

5. The combination, with the churn and the standard D, supported over the center thereof and provided with vertically-aligned bearings d and d', of the hollow shaft G, journaled in the said bearings and extending to a point near the bottom of the churn, the sleeve H, surrounding and operating on the said hollow shaft, gearwheels on the upper ends of the hollow shaft G and sleeve H, the master-wheel K, meshing with the said gear-wheels to rotate them in opposite directions, lateral arms n n on the lower end of the hollow shaft, blades N N, secured to the said arms and twisted to draw the contents of Ithe churn upwardly and outwardly, the arms o o on the lower end of the sleeve H, and the blades O O, secured to the extremities of the said arms, adapted to rotate around the blades N, the blades O O Vbeing twisted to draw the contents of the churn upwardly and inwardly, all constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified. y

YIn testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aiiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD H. BROWNING.

Witnesses:

J. N. BRIGKER, J. SCUDDER.

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